On this page you will find Dr. Lockwood’s selected publications, issued U.S. patents, and published patent applications.

For reprints of scientific articles, please contact Dr. Lockwood at sflockwood [at] baselodge.com.

Dr. Lockwood’s bio can be found here.

Selected Publications

• Bradley, R. D., Davis, S. K., Lockwood, S. F., Bickham, J. W., Baker, R. J. 1991. Hybrid breakdown and cellular DNA content in a contact zone between two species of pocket gophers (Geomys). J. Mammal., 72, 697-705.
• Lockwood, S. F., Bickham, J. W. 1991. Genetic stock assessment of spawning arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) populations by flow cytometric determination of DNA content. Cytometry, 12, 260-267.
• Lockwood, S. F., Holland, B. S., Bickham, J. W., Hanks, B. G., Bull, J. J. 1991. Intraspecific genome size variation in a turtle (Trachemys scripta) exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination. Can. J. Zool., 69, 2306-2310.
• Lockwood, S. F., Seavey, B. T., Dillinger, R. E. J., Bickham, J. W. 1991. Variation in DNA content among age classes of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) from theSagavanirktok River delta. Can. J. Zool., 69, 1335-1338.
• Lockwood, S. F., Pope, D. H. 1992. Final report on biocorrosion/biodeterioration/biofouling of coated metals. Office of Naval Research, contract number N-6092191-C-0181. DCMR, Dallas, Texas.
• Lockwood, S. F., Pope, D. H. 1992. Final report on identification of microbially influenced corrosion. Office of Naval Research, contract number N-00014-92-C-0068. DCMR, Dallas, Texas.
• Lockwood, S. F., Bickham, J. W. 1992. Genome size in Beaufort Sea coastal assemblages of Arctic ciscoes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 121, 13-20.
• Lockwood, S. F., Derr, J. N. 1992. Intra- and interspecific genome-size variation in the Salmonidae. Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 59, 303-306.
• Pope, D. H., Dziewulski, D. M., Lockwood, S. F., Werner, D. P., Frank, J. R. 1992. Microbiological corrosion concerns for pipelines and tanks. API Pipeline Conference.Houston, Texas.
• Pope, D. H., Lockwood, S. F. 1992. Microbiologically influenced corrosion in the natural gas industry. Topical Report (February 1986-September 1990). GRI Report Number 92-0469. Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
• Pope, D. H., Dziewulski, D. M., Lockwood, S. F., Werner, D. P., Frank, J. R. 1992. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of gas transmission pipelines. AGA Distribution and Transmission Conference. Kansas City, Missouri.
• Walsh, D. W., Lockwood, S. F., Werner, D. P., Paakkonen, S. T., Pope, D. H. 1992. Effects of welding on the susceptibility of materials to microbiologically influenced corrosion in geothermal applications. In Geothermal resources council transactions; Geothermal Resources Council: Davis, CA; Vol. 16, pp. 377-383.
• Lockwood, S. F., Dillinger, R. E., Jr., Birt, T. P., Green, J. M., Snyder, T. P. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Coregoninae inferred from direct sequencing of PCR-amplified mitochondrial DNA. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 50, 2112-2118.
• Paakkonen, S. T., Lockwood, S. F., Pope, D. H., Horner, V. G., Morris, E. A. III, Werner, D. P. 1993. The role of coatings and cathodic protection in microbiologically influenced corrosion. Corrosion 93. Paper No. 293/pp. 1-21.
• Pope, D. H., Lockwood, S. F., Lee, A., Skultety, R., Keas, K. 1994. Mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion in natural gas industry storage facilities. Corrosion 94. Paper No. 269/pp. 1-15.
• Kocher, T. D., Conroy, J. A., McKaye, K. R., Stauffer, J. R., Lockwood, S. F. 1995. Evolution of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 in east African cichlid fish. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 4, 420-432.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Mosher, G. L. 2003. Improved aqueous solubility of crystalline astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-b,b-carotene-4,4′-dione) by Captisol (sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin). J. Pharm. Sci., 92, 922-926.
• Cardounel, A. J., Dumitrescu, C., Zweier, J. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2003. Direct superoxide anion scavenging by a disodium disuccinate astaxanthin derivative: relative efficacy of individual stereoisomers versus the statistical mixture of stereoisomers by electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 307, 704-712.
• Zsila, F., Simonyi, M., Lockwood, S. F. 2003. Interaction of the disodium disuccinate derivative of meso-astaxanthin with human serum albumin: from chiral complexation to self-assembly. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 4093-4100.
• Gross, G. J., Lockwood, S. F. 2004. Cardioprotection and myocardial salvage by a disodium disuccinate astaxanthin derivative (Cardax™). Life Sci., 75, 215-224.
• Showalter, L. A., Weinman, S. A., Østerlie, M., Lockwood, S. F. 2004. Plasma appearance and tissue accumulation of non-esterified, free astaxanthin in C57BL/6 mice after oral dosing of a disodium disuccinate diester of astaxanthin (Heptax™). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 137, 227-236.
• Hix, L. M., Lockwood, S. F., Bertram, J. S. 2004. Upregulation of connexin 43 protein expression and increased gap junctional communication by water soluble disodium disuccinate astaxanthin derivatives. Cancer Lett., 211, 25-37.
• Foss, B. J., Sliwka, H. R., Partali, V., Cardounel, A. J., Zweier, J. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2004. Direct superoxide anion scavenging by a highly water-dispersible carotenoid phospholipid evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 2807-2812.
• Hix, L. M., Lockwood, S. F., Bertram, J. S. 2004. Bioactive carotenoids: potent antioxidants and regulators of gene expression. Redox Rep., 9, 181-191.
• Jackson, H. L., Cardounel, A. J., Zweier, J. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2004. Synthesis, characterization, and direct aqueous superoxide anion scavenging of a highly water-dispersible astaxanthin-amino acid conjugate. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 3985-3991.
• Hix, L. M., Vine, A. L., Lockwood, S. F., Bertram, J. S. 2005. Retinoids and carotenoids as cancer chemopreventive agents: role of up regulated gap junctional communication. In Carotenoids and retinoids: molecular aspects and health issues. Packer, L., Obermueller-Jevic, U., Kraemer, K., Sies, H., eds. AOCS Press:Champaign, IL, pp. 182-203
• Frey, D. A., Kataisto, E. W., Ekmanis, J. L., O’Malley, S., Lockwood, S. F. 2004. The efficient synthesis of disodium disuccinate astaxanthin (Cardax). Org. Process. Res. Dev., 8, 796-801.
• Zsila, F., Fitos, I., Bikádi, Z., Simonyi, M., Jackson, H. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2004. In vitro plasma protein binding and aqueous aggregation behavior of astaxanthin dilysinate tetrahydrochloride. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 5357-5366.
• Gross, G. J., Lockwood, S. F. 2005. Acute and chronic administration of disodium disuccinate astaxanthin (Cardax™) produces marked cardioprotection in dog hearts. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 272, 221-227.
• Foss, B. J., Sliwka, H. R., Partali, V., Naess, S. N., Elgsaeter, A., Melø, T. B., Naqvi, K. R., O’Malley, S., Lockwood, S. F. 2005. Hydrophilic carotenoids: surface properties and aqueous aggregation of a rigid, long-chain, highly unsaturated dianionic bolaamphiphile with a carotenoid spacer. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 135, 157-167.
• Zsila, F., Molnar, P., Deli, J., Lockwood, S. F. 2005. Circular dichroism and absorption spectroscopic data reveal binding of the natural cis-carotenoid bixin to human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.  Bioorg. Chem., 33, 298-309.
• Lauver, D. A., Lockwood, S. F., Lucchesi, B. R. 2005. Disodium disuccinate astaxanthin (Cardax) attenuates complement activation and reduces myocardial injury following ischemia/reperfusion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 314, 686-692.
• Hix, L. M., Frey, D. A., McLaws, M. D., Østerlie, M., Lockwood, S. F., Bertram, J. S. 2005. Inhibition of chemically-induced neoplastic transformation by a novel tetrasodium diphosphate astaxanthin derivative. Carcinogenesis, 26, 1634-1641.
• Zsila, F., Bikádi, Z., Lockwood, S. F. 2005. In vitro binding of leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) to human serum albumin: evidence from spectroscopic, molecular modeling, and competitive displacement studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 3725-3731.
• Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. T., Braun, C., Lockwood, S. F. 2005. The efficient total synthesis of lycophyll (y,y-carotene-16,16′-diol). Org. Process Res. Dev., 9, 830-836.
• Lockwood, S. F., Gross, G. J. 2005. Disodium disuccinate astaxanthin (Cardax™): antioxidant and antiinflammatory cardioprotection. Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 23, 199-216.
• Nadolski, G., Cardounel, A. J., Zweier, J. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2005. The synthesis and aqueous superoxide anion scavenging of water-dispersible lutein esters. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 775-781.
• Gross, G. J., Hazen, S. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2006. Seven day oral supplementation with Cardax^TM (disodium disuccinate astaxanthin) provides significant cardioprotection and reduces oxidative stress in rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 283, 23-30.
• Braun, C. L., Jackson, H. L., Lockwood, S. F., Nadolski, G. 2006. Purification of synthetic all-e lycophyll (y,y-carotene-16,16′-diol). J. Chromatogr. B, 834, 208-212.
• Lockwood, S. F., Penn, M. S., Hazen, S. L., Bikádi, Z., Zsila, F. 2006. The effects of oral Cardax™ (disodium disuccinate astaxanthin) on multiple independent oxidative stress markers in a mouse peritoneal inflammation model: influence on 5-lipoxygenase in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci., 79, 162-174.
• Zsila, F., Nadolski, G., Lockwood, S. F. 2006. Association studies of aggregated aqueous lutein diphosphate with human serum albumin and a₁-acid glycoprotein in vitro: evidence from circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 3797-3801.
• Mason, R. P., Walter, M. F., McNulty, H., Lockwood, S. F., Byun, J., Day, C. A., Jacob, R. F. 2006. Rofecoxib increases susceptibility of human LDL and membrane lipids to oxidative damage: a mechanism of cardiotoxicity. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 47, [Suppl 1]:S7-S14.
• Foss, B. J., Nadolski, G., Lockwood, S. F. 2006. Hydrophilic carotenoid amphiphiles: methods of synthesis and biological applications. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 6, 953-969.
• Bikádi, Z., Hazai, E., Zsila, F., Lockwood, S. F. 2006. Molecular modeling of non-covalent binding of homochiral (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin to matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Bioorg. Med. Chem, 14, 5451-5458.
• Lockwood, S. F., Jackson, H. L., Gross, G. J. 2006. Retrometabolic syntheses of astaxanthin (3,3’–dihydroxy–b, b–carotene–4,4’–dione) conjugates: a novel approach to oral and parenteral cardioprotection. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem., 4, 335-349.
• Hazai, E., Bikádi, Z., Zsila, F., Lockwood, S. F. 2006. Molecular modeling of the non-covalent binding of the dietary tomato carotenoids lycopene and lycophyll, and selected oxidative metabolites with 5-lipoxygenase. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 6859-6867.

• McNulty, H. P., Byun, J., Lockwood, S. F., Jacob, R. F., Mason, R. P. 2007. Differential effects of carotenoids on lipid peroxidation due to membrane interactions: X-ray diffraction analysis. Biochim. Biophysis. Acta, 1768, 167-174.

• Naess, S. N., Sliwka, H. R., Partali, V., Melø, T. B., Naqvi, K. R., Jackson, H. L., Lockwood, S. F. 2007. Hydrophilic carotenoids: surface properties and aggregation of an astaxanthin-lysine conjugate, a rigid, long-chain, highly unsaturated and highly water-soluble tetracationic bolaamphiphile. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 148, 63-69.
• Hazai, E., Bikádi, Z., Zsila, F., Lockwood, S. F. 2007. Non-covalent binding of disodium disuccinate astaxanthin to the catalytic site of phosphodiesterase 5A: a molecular modeling study. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 4, 128-136.
• Sliwka, H.R., Melø, T. B., Foss, B. J., Abdel-Hafez, S. H., Partali, V., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H., Lockwood, S. F. 2007. Electron- and energy-transfer properties of hydrophilic carotenoids. Chemistry, 13(16), 4458-4466.
• Bikádi, Z., Hari, P., Hazai, E., Lockwood, S. F., Zsila, F. 2008. Non-covalent binding of lycopene and lycophyll. In Lycopene–nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic properties. Preedy, V. R. and Watson, R. R. Eds. Science Publishers, Enfield, N. H., USA, pp. 65-81.
• Sliwka, H.R., Partali, V., Lockwood, S. F.  2008.  Hydrophilic carotenoids–carotenoid aggregates.  In Carotenoids:  physical, chemical, and biological functions and properties.  Landrum, J. ed. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, in press.
• Khan, S.K., Malinski, T., Mason, R.P., Kubant, R., Jacob, R.F., Fujioka, K., Denstaedt, S.J., King, T.J., Hieber, A.D., Lockwood, S. F., Goodin, T. H., Pashkow, F. J., Bodary, P. F.  2010.  Novel astaxanthin derivative (CDX 085) attenuates thrombosis in a mouse model.  Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (in press).

Issued U.S. Patents top

• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M, Jackson, H., Nadolski, G. 2006-12-05. Structural carotenoid analogs for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 7,145,025. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Originally published Aug. 19, 2004.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G. T., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W. B., Williams, R., Burdick, D. C. 2007-07-24. Methods for the synthesis of astaxanthin. US 7,247,752. Assignee: Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Originally published Apr. 27, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2008-01-08.  Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of ischemic reperfusion injury.  US 7,317,008.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Feb. 17, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2008-01-22.  Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease.  US 7,320,997.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Apr. 7, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2008-03-18.  Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease.  US 7,345,091.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Jan. 13, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2008-05-20.  Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease.  US 7,375,133.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Mar. 24, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D.  2008-10-14.  Methods for synthesis of carotenoids, including analogs, derivatives, and synthetic and biological intermediates.  US 7,435,861.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Dec. 28, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2009-04-21.  Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease.  US 7,521,584.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published May 26, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2009-09-22.  Structural carotenoid analogs for the inhibition and amelioration of disease.  US 7,592,449.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Oct. 12, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2010-04-06.  Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of inflammation.  US 7,691,901.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Nov. 24, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  2010-05-25.  Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease.  US 7,723,327.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Apr. 28, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski.  2010-07-27.  Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression.  US 7,763,649.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Originally published Jan. 13, 2005.

Published U.S. and World Patent Applications top

• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease. US 2005/0004235. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jan. 6, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 2005/0009758. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jan. 13, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression. US 2005/0009788. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jan. 13, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression. US 2005/0009930. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jan. 13, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease. US 2005/0026874. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Feb. 3, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of ischemic reperfusion injury. US 2005/0037995. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Feb. 17, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels. US 2005/0049248. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Mar. 3, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels. US 2005/0059635. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Mar. 17, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels. US 2005/0059659. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Mar. 17, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 2005/0065096. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Mar. 24, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of ischemic reperfusion injury. US 2005/0065097. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Mar. 24, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 2005/0075316. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Apr. 7, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 2005/0075337. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Apr. 7, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease. US 2005/0090469. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Apr. 28, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 2005/0113372. Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published May 26, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of ischemic reperfusion injury. US 2005/0143475. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jun. 30, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression. US 2005/0148517. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jul. 7, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2005. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of inflammation. US 2005/0261254. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Nov. 24, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Jackson, H. L., Nadolski, G. 2006. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of inflammation. US 2006/0058269. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Mar. 16, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G. T., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W. B., Williams, R., Burdick, D. C. 2006. Methods for the synthesis of zeazanthin. US 2006/0088905. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Apr. 27, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G. T., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W. B., Williams, R., Burdick, D. C. 2006. Methods for the synthesis of chiral dihydroxy ketone intermediates useful for the chiral synthesis of carotenoids. US 2006/0111580. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published May 25, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D. 2006. Methods for the synthesis of lutein. US 2006/155150. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jul. 13, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D. 2006. Methods for the synthesis of unsaturated ketone intermediates useful for the synthesis of carotenoids. US 2006/167319. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Jul. 27, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D. 2006. Methods for the synthesis of chiral dihydroxy intermediates useful for the chiral synthesis of carotenoids. US 2006/178538. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Aug. 10, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D. 2005. Methods for the synthesis of astaxanthin. US 2006/183185. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Aug. 17, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D. 2006. Methods for the synthesis of astaxanthin. US 2006/183947. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Aug. 17, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G. 2006. Structural carotenoid analogs for the inhibition and amelioration of disease. US 2006/229446. Assignee Hawaii Biotech Inc. Published Oct. 12, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Nadolski, G. 2006. Carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, or carotenoid derivatives for the treatment of visual disabilities. US 2006/270589. Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc. Published Nov. 30, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Nadolski, G. 2006. Reduction in complement activation and inflammation during tissue injury by carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, or derivatives thereof. US 2006/270590. Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc. Published Nov. 30, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Nadolski, G., Frey, D. A., McLaws, M., King, T. J., Burdick, D. 2006. Carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, or carotenoid derivatives for the treatment of proliferative disorders. US 2006/276372. Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc. Published Dec. 7, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D. 2006. Methods for synthesis of carotenoids, including analogs, derivatives, and synthetic and biological intermediates. US 2006/293545. Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc. Published Dec. 28, 2006.
• Lockwood, S. F., Nadolski, G. 2006. Water-dispersible carotenoids, including analogs and derivatives. US 2007/15735. Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc. Published Jan. 18, 2007.
• Lockwood, S. F.  2007.  Structural carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the modulation of systemic and/or target organ redox status.  US 2007/0238793.  Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc.  Published Oct. 11, 2007.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Jackson, H. L., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Yang, M., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D., Braun, C.  2008.  Methods for synthesis of carotenoids, including analogs, derivatives, and synthetic and biological intermediates.  US 2008/0221377.  Assignee Cardax Pharmacetuicals, Inc.  Published Sep. 11, 2008.
• Lockwood, S. F., Mason, R. P.  2008.  Use of carotenoids and/or carotenoid derivatives/analogs for reduction/inhibition of certain negative effects of COX inhibitors.  US 2008/0293679.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Published Nov. 27, 2008.
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• Lockwood, S. F., Mason, R. P.  2009.  Carotenoid analogs and derivatives for the prevention of platelet aggregation.  US 2009/0124574.  Assignee Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Published May 14, 2009.
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• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Watumull, D. G., Hix, L. M., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  Patent Cooperation Treaty WO 2004/011423.  Structural carotenoid analogs for the inhibition and amelioration of disease.  Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc.  WO publication date Feb. 5, 2004.
• Lockwood, S. F., O’Malley, S., Jackson, H., Nadolski, G.  Patent Cooperation Treaty WO 2005/102356.  Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of inflammation.  Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc.  WO publication date Nov. 3, 2005.
• Lockwood, S. F., Tang, P. C., Nadolski, G., Fang, Z., Du, Y., Geiss, W., Williams, R., Burdick, D.  Patent Cooperation Treaty WO 2006/039685.  Methods for synthesis of chiral intermediates of carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, and carotenoid derivatives.  Assignee Hawaii Biotech, Inc.  WO publication date Apr. 13, 2006.